Post-Quantum Kyber Benchmarks (Linux)
To continue in our series of wolfSSL’s implementation of Kyber KEM benchmarks, we would like to show you benchmarking statistics for Linux. Some notes about the conditions under which the benchmarks were taken:
- The processor is “11th Gen Intel® Core™ i7-1185G7 @ 3.00GHz × 8”
- Only 1 core is used
- Conventional algorithms are present for comparison purposes
- The wolfSSL configuration used was:
./configure –disable-psk –disable-shared –enable-intelasm –enable-aesni –enable-sp –enable-sp-math –enable-sp-asm –enable-kyber=wolfssl,all ‘CFLAGS=-Os -DECC_USER_CURVES -DHAVE_ECC256 -DHAVE_ECC384’
The benchmarks results follow:
RSA 2048 public 75700 ops took 1.001 sec, avg 0.013 ms, 75632.019 ops/sec RSA 2048 private 2200 ops took 1.024 sec, avg 0.466 ms, 2147.942 ops/sec DH 2048 key gen 4428 ops took 1.000 sec, avg 0.226 ms, 4427.507 ops/sec DH 2048 agree 4700 ops took 1.006 sec, avg 0.214 ms, 4673.614 ops/sec KYBER512 key gen 282300 ops took 1.000 sec, avg 0.004 ms, 282207.889 ops/sec KYBER512 encap 162000 ops took 1.000 sec, avg 0.006 ms, 161981.038 ops/sec KYBER512 decap 164100 ops took 1.000 sec, avg 0.006 ms, 164033.359 ops/sec KYBER768 key gen 150400 ops took 1.000 sec, avg 0.007 ms, 150325.846 ops/sec KYBER768 encap 106200 ops took 1.001 sec, avg 0.009 ms, 106145.438 ops/sec KYBER768 decap 101800 ops took 1.000 sec, avg 0.010 ms, 101757.640 ops/sec KYBER1024 key gen 109200 ops took 1.001 sec, avg 0.009 ms, 109137.057 ops/sec KYBER1024 encap 73900 ops took 1.000 sec, avg 0.014 ms, 73896.212 ops/sec KYBER1024 decap 73900 ops took 1.000 sec, avg 0.014 ms, 73880.096 ops/sec ECC SECP256R1 key gen 93600 ops took 1.000 sec, avg 0.011 ms, 93586.478 ops/sec ECDHE SECP256R1 agree 24200 ops took 1.003 sec, avg 0.041 ms, 24133.422 ops/sec ECC SECP384R1 key gen 30000 ops took 1.002 sec, avg 0.033 ms, 29953.559 ops/sec ECDHE SECP384R1 agree 7100 ops took 1.008 sec, avg 0.142 ms, 7046.050 ops/sec ECC SECP521R1 key gen 17600 ops took 1.000 sec, avg 0.057 ms, 17598.074 ops/sec ECDHE SECP521R1 agree 4500 ops took 1.009 sec, avg 0.224 ms, 4460.319 ops/sec
Once again, the recurring theme holds. Performance is looking great for our implementation of Kyber KEM.
If you’re looking for different benchmarking data or have any questions, please reach out to us at facts@wolfSSL.com or call us at +1 425 245 8247.
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Live Webinar: Getting Started with wolfTPM
We are excited to invite you to the 4th episode of our Getting Started series: “Getting Started with wolfTPM”! This informative webinar, led by wolfSSL’s Senior Embedded Software Engineer, David Garske, is scheduled for March 21st at 10 am PT.
Watch the webinar here: Getting Started with wolfTPM
David will delve into how you can start to leverage wolfTPM to elevate the security of your systems. He will guide you through steps for getting started on your platform with wolfTPM.
During the webinar, you will:
- Gain basic knowledge of TPM 2.0
- Explore build options for wolfTPM
- Learn how to use wolfTPM API
- Engage in a comprehensive API comparison of wolfTPM
- Delve into real-life wolfTPM use case examples
And much more!
Don’t miss this opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of TPM technology and discover how wolfTPM can shield your systems against emerging threats. Watch now.
As always, our webinars will include Q&A sessions throughout. If you have questions about any of the above, please contact us at facts@wolfSSL.com or call us at +1 425 245 8247.
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wolfSSL gRPC Support
wolfSSL is adding support for the gRPC (https://grpc.io/) project. gRPC is an open source high performance Remote Procedure Call (RPC) framework that can run in any environment. RPC is commonly used to execute procedures or subroutines in other computers on a network. This networking requires security and this is where wolfSSL comes in.
wolfSSL is a lightweight TLS library with a focus on embedded systems. wolfSSL implements protocols up to the latest TLS 1.3 and DTLS 1.3 standards and can run on any architecture or operating system. gRPC uses TLS to provide authentication and confidentiality when executing calls on remote computers.
Work on wolfSSL support in gRPC is currently in progress. If you are interested in using gRPC with wolfSSL or have any questions, please contact us at facts@wolfSSL.com or call us at +1 425 245 8247.
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Securing Satellite Communications: Insights from Eric Blankenhorn and wolfSSL at Satellite 2024
wolfSSL returns to Satellite 2024 this year, with Senior Software Engineer Eric Blankenhorn taking the spotlight as a featured speaker for the conference program, “Fortifying the Skies: Space Defenders on the Frontlines of Cybersecurity”. Scheduled for March 21st at 9:30 am ET in room 146C, this program is a pivotal opportunity to delve into the evolving landscape of the space domain and address the critical need for securing satellite networks.
As the space domain continues to evolve and expand, ensuring the security and resilience of satellite networks is crucial. This conference program offers a unique platform to engage with industry leaders, gain invaluable insights, and collectively work towards a more secure future in space.
Eric, alongside other industry experts, will explore various topics including emerging threats in satellites and space, the development of standards and best practice for satellite cybersecurity, the convergence of IT & OT security, and strategies for securing the space supply chain.
Conference Program Details:
- Title: Fortifying the Skies: Space Defenders on the Frontlines of Cybersecurity
- Date: March 21st | 9:30 am ET
- Location: Room 146C
Make sure to mark your calendar and seize this opportunity to learn about securing satellite networks from cyber attacks and enhancing their resilience against evolving threats.
The wolfSSL will be available at booth 1445 during Satellite 2024 to address any inquiries. Don’t forget to swing by. Let’s safeguard satellite communication together.
If you have questions about any of the above or would like to schedule a one-on-one meeting with wolfSSL at Satellite 2024, please contact us at facts@wolfSSL.com or call us at +1 425 245 8247.
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How to Build wolfSSL for Android
Here at wolfSSL we provide best in class support by using our past experience to know what you will ask and then having examples, documentation and instructions already prepared before you even open a support ticket with us.
A great example of this is the recent uptick in questions about building our wolfSSL library for Android. If you’re building an Android app and have FIPS 140 needs then you’ve come to the right place!
Want to see an Android NDK Gradle example?
How about just a standalone toolchain example?
There is also the ability to replace BoringSSL. Have a look at
https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl/tree/master/IDE/Android
Another thing you might be thinking of is wolfSSL JNI and JSSE! You’ll want to have a look at
https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssljni?tab=readme-ov-file#building-for-android
Perhaps you’re using OpenSSL on Android and you have FIPS 140 requirements. Have a look at https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfProvider/tree/master/IDE/Android
When it comes to Android, we’ve got you covered. And if you need further details or clarifications, we are always happy to help you. Please reach out to facts@wolfSSL.com or call us at +1 425 245 8247.
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Partner Webinar: wolfSSL and Cesium RTOS Integration
Get Excited! wolfSSL is partnering with Weston Embedded Solutions to host an exclusive webinar, wolfSSL and Cesium RTOS Integration. We will explore the intricate world of secure communication in an RTOS environment. Led by wolfSSL’s Senior Software Developer, Anthony Hu, and Weston Embedded’s President and co-founder, Janos Magasrevy, along with Senior Software Engineer and co-founder at Weston Embedded, Yanko Sosa.
Weston Embedded Solutions is a leading provider of embedded software and engineering services, specializing in the Micrium µC/OS and Cesium RTOS family of products. This webinar presents a unique opportunity to delve into the fundamentals of Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its pivotal role in securing data transmission. Discover the capabilities of Cs/NET and its seamless integration with wolfSSL’s cutting-edge security solutions.
Watch the webinar here: wolfSSL and Cesium RTOS Integration (Partner Webinar with Weston Embedded)
You are expecting to learn:
- Learn fundamental of wolfSSL TLS
- Dive into Weston Embedded’s Cs/NET integration with wolfSSL
- Live Demonstration of Cs/NET’s HTTP Client in Action Using TLS v1.3
And much more!
Learn from industry experts as they share valuable insights and best practices in secure communication protocols, Watch it now.
As always, our webinars will include Q&A sessions throughout. If you have questions about any of the above, please contact us at facts@wolfSSL.com or call us at +1 425 245 8247.
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wolfSSL’s Kyber ML-KEM Implementation Now Included Free of Charge for Commercial Customers; Future Proofing is here today
We are now including commercial Kyber/ML-KEM in our wolfSSL/wolfCrypt commercial packages. At this point, you need to ask our support organization for a delivery if you want to start testing it. If you are willing to wait, then you will find it included in the next commercial bundle that we release. In summary, there will be no additional charge if you are a supported customer of wolfSSL/wolfCrypt.
Please note all of the advantages of our Kyber implementation from the previous blog posting here.
This begs the question, what about customers who have let their support plan lapse? Our answer is “What are you waiting for?!?”. Get started by reviewing our support packages. The next step is to get in contact with your wolfSSL business director and get signed up. You can do that by sending a message to facts@wolfssl.com.
To get an idea of the kind of performance you will get, see our benchmarks here:
Start your future proofing today and get started with post-quantum algorithms! Want wolfSSL’s implementation of Dilithium? Interested in LMS and XMSS? Let’s talk! CNSA 2.0 requirements? We can help. Contact us at facts@wolfssl.com or call us at +1 425 245 8247.
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Support for wolfBoot on Renesas RZ/N2L
We are excited to announce wolfBoot support for the Renesas RZ/N2L evaluation board. The Renesas RZ/N2L uses the high-performance Arm Cortex-R52 core to easily add network functionality onto industrial equipment and machines. The RZ/N2L is supported by an open and flexible ecosystem concept – the Flexible Software Package (FSP), built on FreeRTOS – and is expandable to use other RTOS and middleware.
wolfBoot is a portable secure bootloader solution that offers firmware authentication and firmware update mechanisms. Due to its minimalistic design and tiny HAL API, wolfBoot is completely independent from any OS or bare-metal application.
By adding wolfBoot support for the evaluation board, it demonstrates simple secure firmware boot from external flash memory by wolfBoot. The example uses SPI boot with external flash memory on the evaluation board. On this boot mode, wolfBoot is copied to the internal RAM(B-TCM). wolfBoot copies the application program from external flash memory to RAM(System RAM). As a final step of wolfBoot the entry point of the copied application program is called if the integrity and authenticity of the image are valid. More detailed steps can be found here.
If interested in wolfBoot support on the RZ/N2L, or if you have questions about any of the above, please contact facts@wolfSSL.com or call us at +1 425 245 8247.
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wolfSSL Supports Nucleus RTOS
The Nucleus RTOS uses wolfSSL to provide TLS security. The wolfSSL embedded SSL library is a lightweight SSL/TLS library written in ANSI C and targeted for embedded, RTOS, and resource-constrained environments – primarily because of its small size, speed, and feature set. wolfSSL supports industry standards up to the current TLS 1.3 and DTLS 1.3 protocol levels, is up to 20 times smaller than OpenSSL, and offers progressive ciphers such as ChaCha20, Curve25519, NTRU, and SHA-3.
Additionally, Nucleus employs wolfSSH to provide a client and server SSH library. The wolfSSH library is a lightweight SSHv2 client and server library written in ANSI C and targeted for embedded, RTOS, and resource-constrained environments – primarily because of its small size, speed, and feature set.
Adding FIPS certified cryptography to your Nucleus project is easily accomplished using wolfCrypt FIPS. A version of the wolfCrypt cryptography library has been FIPS 140-2 validated (Certificate #3389), with FIPS 140-3 validation currently in progress!
If you have questions about any of the above, please contact us at facts@wolfSSL.com or call us at +1 425 245 8247.
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Post-Quantum Kyber Benchmarks (ARM Cortex-M4)
Hot on the heels of our MacOS benchmarks, we now have our Kyber Benchmarks for Arm Cortex-M4.
Before getting into the numbers, some information on the conditions under which the benchmarks were taken:
- The hardware platform was STM NUCLEO-F446ZE
- The HCLK in the project was set to 168MHz
- Only 1 core used
- wolfSSL Math Configuration set to “Single Precision ASM Cortex-M3+ Math”
- Optimization flag: -Ofast
- Conventional algorithms are present for comparison purposes
Here are our results:
RSA 2048 public 82 ops took 1.020 sec, avg 12.439 ms, 80.392 ops/sec RSA 2048 private 4 ops took 1.827 sec, avg 456.750 ms, 2.189 ops/sec DH 2048 key gen 5 ops took 1.181 sec, avg 236.200 ms, 4.234 ops/sec DH 2048 agree 6 ops took 1.419 sec, avg 236.500 ms, 4.228 ops/sec ECC SECP256R1 key gen 118 ops took 1.012 sec, avg 8.576 ms, 116.601 ops/sec ECDHE SECP256R1 agree 56 ops took 1.016 sec, avg 18.143 ms, 55.118 ops/sec KYBER512 128 key gen 232 ops took 1.004 sec, avg 4.328 ms, 231.076 ops/sec KYBER512 128 encap 192 ops took 1.008 sec, avg 5.250 ms, 190.476 ops/sec KYBER512 128 decap 178 ops took 1.004 sec, avg 5.640 ms, 177.291 ops/sec KYBER768 192 key gen 146 ops took 1.008 sec, avg 6.904 ms, 144.841 ops/sec KYBER768 192 encap 118 ops took 1.008 sec, avg 8.542 ms, 117.063 ops/sec KYBER768 192 decap 110 ops took 1.000 sec, avg 9.091 ms, 110.000 ops/sec KYBER1024 256 key gen 92 ops took 1.011 sec, avg 10.989 ms, 90.999 ops/sec KYBER1024 256 encap 76 ops took 1.000 sec, avg 13.158 ms, 76.000 ops/sec KYBER1024 256 decap 72 ops took 1.000 sec, avg 13.889 ms, 72.000 ops/sec
Our implementation of Kyber’s performance is looking great compared to all the other algorithms. It might appear that ECDHE comes close, but not when you consider the mechanics of a key exchange.
Note that ECDHE is a NIKE (Non-Interactive Key Exchange) while Kyber is a KEM (Key Encapsulation Mechanism) so in the context of TLS 1.3, the numbers as they stand are misleading.
For NIKEs, both the server and the client must do the key generation operation. Then both the server and the client must also do the key agreement step. On the other hand, for KEMs, the client does key generation once, the server does encapsulation once, and the client does decapsulation once. Since NIKEs have double the number of operations to achieve a shared secret, for a fair comparison, we need to double the average time for ECDHE. In this light, the total time for a key exchange looks like this:
| Algorithm | Total Time for Key Exchange |
|---|---|
| ECDH SECP256R1 | 26.719 ms |
| Kyber512 (NIST Level 1) | 15.218 ms |
| Kyber768 (NIST Level 3) | 24.537 ms |
| Kyber1024 (NIST Level 5) | 38.036 ms |
Note that Kyber512, from a security perspective, is comparable to ECDH at SECP256R1.
The numbers speak for themselves: Kyber wins. That said, you can look forward to future optimizations and even better performance gains.
As we’ve noted in the past, Kyber has considerably larger artifacts than ECDHE, depending on your method of transmission, this margin can easily be lost if your transmission speeds are slow.
Want to see further optimizations to our Kyber implementation? Interested in wolfSSL’s other post-quantum algorithm implementations? Let us know so we can prioritize the things you are looking for.
If you have questions about any of the above, please contact us at facts@wolfSSL.com or call us at +1 425 245 8247.
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