Update:
wolfSSL has support for all the notes from @rhoerbe and more:
 
     ASN_PARSE_E        = -140,  /* ASN parsing error, invalid input */           
     ASN_VERSION_E      = -141,  /* ASN version error, invalid number */          
     ASN_GETINT_E       = -142,  /* ASN get big int error, invalid data */        
     ASN_RSA_KEY_E      = -143,  /* ASN key init error, invalid input */          
     ASN_OBJECT_ID_E    = -144,  /* ASN object id error, invalid id */            
     ASN_TAG_NULL_E     = -145,  /* ASN tag error, not null */                    
     ASN_EXPECT_0_E     = -146,  /* ASN expect error, not zero */                 
     ASN_BITSTR_E       = -147,  /* ASN bit string error, wrong id */             
     ASN_UNKNOWN_OID_E  = -148,  /* ASN oid error, unknown sum id */              
     ASN_DATE_SZ_E      = -149,  /* ASN date error, bad size */                   
     ASN_BEFORE_DATE_E  = -150,  /* ASN date error, current date before */        
     ASN_AFTER_DATE_E   = -151,  /* ASN date error, current date after */         
     ASN_SIG_OID_E      = -152,  /* ASN signature error, mismatched oid */        
     ASN_TIME_E         = -153,  /* ASN time error, unknown time type */          
     ASN_INPUT_E        = -154,  /* ASN input error, not enough data */           
     ASN_SIG_CONFIRM_E  = -155,  /* ASN sig error, confirm failure */             
     ASN_SIG_HASH_E     = -156,  /* ASN sig error, unsupported hash type */       
     ASN_SIG_KEY_E      = -157,  /* ASN sig error, unsupported key type */        
     ASN_DH_KEY_E       = -158,  /* ASN key init error, invalid input */               
     ASN_NTRU_KEY_E     = -159,  /* ASN ntru key decode error, invalid input */
     ASN_CRIT_EXT_E     = -160,  /* ASN unsupported critical extension */ 
     ASN_ALT_NAME_E     = -161,  /* ASN alternate name error */                   
     ASN_NO_PEM_HEADER  = -162,  /* ASN no PEM header found */
To view other ASN error types see our error header here: https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl/blob … or-crypt.h